Bismuth(III) iodide

Bismuth(III) iodide
IUPAC name

Bismuth(III) iodide
Other names

Bismuth iodide, bismuth triiodide
Identifiers
CAS number 7787-64-6
PubChem 24860889
ChemSpider 21172753
Jmol-3D images Image 1
Properties
Molecular formula BiI3
Molar mass 589.69 g/mol
Appearance greenish-black crystals
Density 5.778 g/cm3
Melting point

408.6 °C, 681.8 K
Boiling point

542 °C, 815 K[1]
Solubility in water 0.7761 mg/100 mL (20 °C)
Solubility 50 g/100 mL ethanol
50 g/100 mL 2M hydrochloric acid
Structure
Crystal structure Trigonal, hR24
Space group R-3, No. 148
Hazards
EU classification Corrosive (C)
R-phrases R34
S-phrases S26, S27, S36/37/39, S45[2]
NFPA 704
0
2
1
Related compounds
Other anions Bismuth(III) fluoride
Bismuth(III) chloride
Bismuth(III) bromide
Other cations Nitrogen triiodide
Phosphorus triiodide
Antimony triiodide
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Bismuth(III) iodide is the inorganic compound with the formula BiI3. This gray-black solid is the product of the reaction of bismuth(III) and iodide, which once was of interest in qualitative inorganic analysis. [3] [4]

Bismuth(III) iodide adopts a distinctive crystal structure, with iodide centres occupying a hexagonally closest-packed lattice, and bismuth centres occupying either one-third or two-thirds of the octahedral holes (alternating by layer). [5] [6]

Synthesis

Bismuth(III) iodide forms upon heating an intimate mixture of iodine and bismuth powder:[7]

2Bi + 3I2 → 2BiI3

BiI3 can also be made by the reaction of bismuth oxide with aqueous hydroiodic acid:[8]

Bi2O3(s) + 6HI(aq) → 2BiI3(s) + 3H2O(l)

Reactions

Since bismuth(III) iodide is insoluble in water, an aqueous solution can be tested for the presence of Bi3+ ions by adding a source of iodide such as potassium iodide. A black precipitate of bismuth(III) iodide indicates a positive test.[9]

Bismuth(III) iodide forms iodobismuth(III) anions when treated with halide donors:[10]

2 NaI + BiI3 → Na2[BiI5]

References

  1. ^ Norman, Nicholas C. (1998), Chemistry of Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth, Springer, pp. 95, ISBN 075140389X, http://books.google.com/?id=vVhpurkfeN4C&pg=PA187, retrieved 2008-06-03 
  2. ^ "341010 Bismuth(III) iodide 99%". Sigma-Aldrich. http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search/ProductDetail/ALDRICH/341010. Retrieved 2008-06-19. 
  3. ^ "Bismuth iodide", McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, McGraw-Hill, 2003, http://www.answers.com/topic/bismuth-iodide?cat=technology, retrieved 2008-06-19 
  4. ^ Turner, Jr., Francis M.; Berolzheimer, Daniel D.; Cutter, William P.; Helfrich, John (1920), The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, New York: Chemical Catalog Company, pp. 107, http://books.google.com/?id=y8y0XE0nsYEC&pg=PA107&dq=%22Bismuth+triiodide%22, retrieved 2008-06-19 
  5. ^ Smart, Lesley; Moore, Elaine A. (2005), Solid State Chemistry: An Introduction, CRC Press, pp. 40, ISBN 0748775161, http://books.google.com/?id=vDPZLVAoRqQC&pg=PA40&dq=%22Bismuth+triiodide%22, retrieved 2008-06-19 
  6. ^ Mackay, Rosemary Ann; Henderson, W. (2002), Introduction to Modern Inorganic Chemistry, CRC Press, pp. 122–6, ISBN 0748764208, http://books.google.com/?id=e9SjYftJmOYC&pg=PA126&dq=%22Bismuth+triiodide%22, retrieved 2008-06-19 
  7. ^ Erdmann, Hugo; Dunlap, Frederick Leavy (1900), Handbook of Basic Tables for Chemical Analysis, New York: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 76, http://books.google.com/?id=IxlIAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA76&dq=%22Bismuth+iodide%22, retrieved 2008-06-19 
  8. ^ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 559. ISBN 0080379419. 
  9. ^ Bruno, Thomas J.; Svoronos, Paris D. N. (2003), Handbook of Basic Tables for Chemical Analysis, CRC Press, pp. 549, ISBN 0849315735, http://books.google.com/?id=AFY2gKwh4AsC&pg=PA549&dq=%22Bismuth(III)+iodide%22, retrieved 2008-06-19 
  10. ^ Norman, Nicholas C. (1998), Chemistry of Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth, Springer, pp. 168–70, ISBN 075140389X, http://books.google.com/?id=vVhpurkfeN4C&pg=PA187&dq=%22Bismuth(III)+iodide%22, retrieved 2008-06-19